Abstract: In this paper we investigate low-bitrate compression of scalar textures such as alpha maps, down to one or two bits per pixel. We present two new techniques for 4 x 4 blocks, based on the idea from ETC to use index tables. We demonstrate that although the visual quality of the alpha maps is greatly reduced at these low bit rates, the quality of the final rendered images appears to be sufficient for a wide range of applications, thus allowing bandwidth savings of up to 75%. The 2 bpp version improves PSNR with over 2 dB compared to BTC at the same bit rate. The 1 bpp version is, to the best of our knowledge, the first public 1 bpp texture compression algorithm, which makes comparison hard. However, compared to just DXT5-compressing a subsampled texture, our 1 bpp technique improves PSNR with over 2 dB. Finally, we show that some aspects of the presented algorithms are also useful for the more common bit rate of four bits per pixel, achieving PSNR scores around 1 dB better than DXT5, over a set of test images.